schemas

Use Schema.propertySignature combined with Schema.fromKey inside Schema.Struct. The schema decodes the snake_case wire key into a camelCase property, so call sites never handle the raw naming convention.

Extract non-recursive fields into a shared const, declare paired Type and Encoded interfaces that self-reference via ReadonlyArray, and wrap the recursive arm in Schema.suspend with an explicit return type annotation.

Default to Schema.NullishOr because backends often omit a field on one endpoint and return explicit null on another. Reserve NullOr or UndefinedOr for contracts that genuinely distinguish the two states, such as PATCH bodies.

BigDecimal's recursive type explodes TypeScript inference in React state and TanStack Form values. Use the NonRecursiveBigDecimal flat value/scale stand-in and convert to BigDecimal only at arithmetic boundaries.

Use createOpenEnumSchema when the value is displayed as-is, or createTransformedEnumSchema with a default when logic branches on it. Bare Schema.Enums hard-fails on unrecognized members and can take down the whole view.

Use a plain type or interface for internal-only types with no wire format, which belong in src/types. Every payload that crosses an API boundary should be an Effect Schema so decoding, encoding, fixtures, and mocks derive from one definition.