Question 1

How do I fix N+1 query problems in Laravel Eloquent?

Accepted Answer

Use eager loading with the with() method to load relationships upfront instead of lazy loading inside loops. You can also enable Model::preventLazyLoading() in AppServiceProvider during development to throw exceptions when lazy loading occurs.

Question 2

How to validate requests in Laravel controllers?

Accepted Answer

Extract validation into dedicated Form Request classes and type-hint them in controller methods, which triggers automatic validation and authorization. Always use $request->validated() for mass operations instead of $request->all().

Question 3

What is the difference between cursor() and lazy() in Laravel?

Accepted Answer

cursor() keeps one model in memory but cannot eager-load relationships, risking N+1 issues. lazy() returns a chunked LazyCollection that supports eager loading, making it the correct choice when iterating records with relationships.

Question 4

Does Laravel queue retry configuration cause duplicate job execution?

Accepted Answer

Yes, if retry_after in config/queue.php is shorter than the job's timeout, workers re-dispatch the job while it is still running. Always set retry_after greater than the longest job timeout and implement ShouldBeUnique for idempotency.

Question 5

When should I use global scopes versus local scopes in Eloquent?

Accepted Answer

Reserve global scopes for universal constraints like soft deletes or multi-tenancy, since they silently modify every query. For conditional filters like published status, use local scopes that callers explicitly opt into.

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