convex-schema-validator

Define a Convex schema in convex/schema.ts using defineSchema and defineTable with validators from convex/values. Each table declares field types like v.string(), v.number(), v.id(), and v.optional(), giving you end-to-end type safety in queries and mutations.

Add indexes by chaining .index() on defineTable with a name and ordered field list, such as .index("by_channel_and_time", ["channelId", "sentAt"]). Use .searchIndex() for full-text search with a searchField and optional filterFields.

An optional field via v.optional(v.string()) may be absent from the document entirely, while a nullable field via v.union(v.string(), v.null()) must exist but can hold null. You can combine both with v.optional(v.union(v.string(), v.null())).

Add new fields as optional first so existing documents remain valid, then backfill values with an internal mutation that patches documents missing the field. After backfilling, you can update the schema to make the field required.

Every query using withIndex requires a corresponding index defined in the schema with matching fields in the same order. Define the index in schema.ts with .index() and ensure the field order matches how the query filters and sorts.