cognitive-load

Reduce cognitive load by eliminating extraneous load sources like cluttered layouts and inconsistent patterns, chunking complex tasks into 3-5 steps, and using progressive disclosure. Apply strong visual hierarchy and consistent interaction patterns so users learn once and apply everywhere.

The three types are intrinsic load (inherent task complexity), extraneous load (mental effort from poor design), and germane load (productive effort that builds understanding). Design should manage intrinsic load, eliminate extraneous load, and maximize germane load.

Measure cognitive load quantitatively through task completion time, error rates, help requests, and abandonment points. Qualitative methods include think-aloud testing, cognitive walkthroughs, post-task interviews, and eye tracking to identify confusion points.

Use progressive disclosure when intrinsic load is high and tasks exceed working memory capacity of 7 plus or minus 2 items. Reveal features gradually as user expertise grows, showing basic functionality first and advanced options only when needed.

Extraneous load is wasted mental effort caused by poor design choices like unclear navigation or distracting animations, and should be eliminated. Germane load is productive effort that builds mental models and transferable skills, and should be maximized through clear feedback and consistent patterns.